Infosys technical interview pyqs for freshers with answers. 100% selection, no doubt. Part 2

Key Points:

• Purpose: Simplifies database connection management by storing connection details such as database type, server name, database name, and authentication information.
• Usage: Commonly used in ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) and JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) to facilitate connecting to databases without hardcoding connection details in the application.

Q)Differentiate between white box and black box testing. (Infosys technical interview pyqs for freshers with answers)

Solution:

White Box Testing:

• Definition: Tests the internal structure, design, and implementation of the software. Also known as clear box or glass box testing.
• Focus: Examines code, logic, and the flow of the program.
• Approach: Testers need knowledge of the code and algorithms used in the application.
• Techniques: Includes unit testing, code coverage, and path testing.
• Advantages: Identifies security vulnerabilities and logical errors; ensures all code paths are tested.
• Disadvantages: Requires programming knowledge and access to source code; may miss issues related to the user interface and functionality.

Black Box Testing:

• Definition: Tests the software’s functionality without knowledge of its internal workings. Also known as behavioral or functional testing.
• Focus: Examines what the software does based on specified requirements and user expectations.
• Approach: Testers do not need knowledge of the code or internal logic.
• Techniques: Includes functional testing, boundary testing, and equivalence partitioning.
• Advantages: Validates user requirements and functionality; tests software from an end-user perspective.
• Disadvantages: May not cover all code paths; can miss implementation-specific issues.

Q)Explain different levels of programming languages. (Infosys technical interview pyqs for freshers with answers)

Solution:

Programming languages can be classified into different levels based on their abstraction from machine code. Here are the primary levels:

1. Machine Language:
   • Definition: The lowest-level language, consisting of binary code (0s and 1s) that the computer’s CPU directly executes.
   • Characteristics: Hardware-specific and difficult for humans to read and write.
2. Assembly Language:
   • Definition: A low-level language that uses symbolic names and opcodes to represent machine instructions.
   • Characteristics: Provides a slight abstraction over machine code, making it easier to read and write, but still closely tied to hardware.
3. High-Level Language:
   • Definition: A more abstract language that is closer to human language and further from machine code. Examples include C++, Java, and Python.
   • Characteristics: Easier to write, read, and maintain; often includes features for managing data and controlling program flow without needing detailed hardware knowledge.
4. Very High-Level Language (VHLL):
   • Definition: Languages that offer even higher abstraction, focusing on specific problem domains. Examples include SQL for database queries and HTML for web content.
   • Characteristics: Designed for specific tasks or applications, often with more user-friendly syntax and built-in functions.

Q)What is the difference between a Clustered-index and a non-clustered-index? (Infosys technical interview pyqs for freshers with answers)

Solution:

Clustered Index:

• Definition: Defines the order in which data is physically stored in the table. The table rows are sorted based on the clustered index key.
• Characteristics:
  • Single per Table: Each table can have only one clustered index because the data rows can be sorted in only one order.
  • Data Storage: The index determines the physical order of data rows on disk.
  • Efficiency: Optimizes range queries and sorting operations because data is stored in sorted order.

Non-Clustered Index:

• Definition: Creates a separate structure from the data table, which contains a sorted list of references (pointers) to the actual data rows.
• Characteristics:
  • Multiple per Table: A table can have multiple non-clustered indexes, allowing different ways to access data.
  • Data Storage: The index is stored separately from the data table, with pointers to the actual data rows.
  • Efficiency: Useful for speeding up queries that use columns not included in the clustered index, and supports faster lookups for specific values.

Q)Difference between C & embedded C. (Infosys technical interview pyqs for freshers with answers)

Solution:

C:

• Definition: A general-purpose programming language used for a wide range of applications, including system and application software.
• Usage: Commonly used in software development for operating systems, desktop applications, and high-level algorithms.
• Standard Libraries: Includes extensive standard libraries and functions for general computing needs.
• Platform Independence: Code is usually portable across different operating systems and hardware platforms, provided a compatible compiler is available.

Embedded C:

• Definition: An extension of C specifically designed for programming embedded systems (hardware with dedicated functions).
• Usage: Used in firmware development for microcontrollers and embedded processors found in devices like appliances, automotive systems, and IoT devices.
• Hardware Interaction: Provides specific features for interacting with hardware, such as direct memory access, hardware registers, and real-time operations.
• Resource Constraints: Optimized for performance and memory usage, considering the limited resources (memory, processing power) of embedded systems.
• Standard Libraries: May include libraries and headers specific to hardware interfaces and low-level operations, often not part of standard C.

Q)Write a C++ program to check whether a number is palindrome or not. (Infosys technical interview pyqs for freshers with answers)

Solution:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

bool isPalindrome(int num) {
int original = num; // Store the original number
int reversed = 0;
int remainder;

// Reverse the number
while (num > 0) {
remainder = num % 10; // Get the last digit
reversed = reversed * 10 + remainder; // Append digit to reversed number
num /= 10; // Remove the last digit
}

// Check if the original number and reversed number are the same
return (original == reversed);
}

int main() {
int number;

// Input from user
cout << “Enter a number: “;
cin >> number;

// Check if the number is a palindrome
if (isPalindrome(number)) {
cout << number << ” is a palindrome.” << endl;
} else {
cout << number << ” is not a palindrome.” << endl;
}

return 0;
}

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